Gum Disease 101: Understanding Gingivitis vs. Periodontitis
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, affects the tissues that support your teeth. It’s a common condition that can range from mild inflammation to severe infection, potentially leading to tooth loss if left untreated. Understanding the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis is key to maintaining healthy gums.
Gingivitis: The Early Stage
Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease and is usually reversible with proper care.
Symptoms of Gingivitis:
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding while brushing or flossing
- Bad breath or persistent bad taste
Causes:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Plaque buildup along the gumline
- Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, puberty)
- Smoking or tobacco use
Treatment:
- Professional dental cleaning
- Improved daily brushing and flossing
- Antibacterial mouth rinses if recommended
Catching gingivitis early is essential because it prevents progression to periodontitis, which can cause irreversible damage.
Periodontitis: Advanced Gum Disease
When gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that damages the gums and bone supporting the teeth.
Symptoms of Periodontitis:
- Receding gums
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Persistent bad breath
- Pus between teeth and gums
- Pain when chewing
Treatment:
- Deep cleaning (scaling and root planing)
- Antibiotic therapy if needed
- Surgical interventions in advanced cases
- Ongoing periodontal maintenance
Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and systemic health issues, including increased risk for heart disease, diabetes complications, and other inflammatory conditions.
Preventing Gum Disease
Maintaining healthy gums is easier than treating advanced disease. Key preventive steps include:
- Brush Twice Daily – Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
- Floss Daily – Removes plaque between teeth where a brush can’t reach.
- Regular Dental Checkups – Early detection is critical for prevention.
- Avoid Tobacco – Smoking increases the risk of gum disease.
- Maintain a Healthy Diet – Nutrients like vitamin C support gum health.
Bottom Line
Understanding the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis is the first step toward protecting your smile. Early detection and proper care can keep your gums healthy and prevent long-term complications.
Notice bleeding, swelling, or gum discomfort? Schedule your periodontal evaluation today to protect your smile and overall health.
